Migrating a single MySQL table containing 10 billion rows is a high-risk operation that demands a robust, multi-phase approach. The recommended strategy combines DataX for parallel full data migration, Canal for incremental change data capture, and an asynchronous dual-write mechanism as a safety net. This three-layer architecture ensures zero data loss, short downtime windows, and the ability to roll back if issues arise. Key operational steps include shard-based validation, idempotent synchronization, and gray traffic switching to gradually shift production load. The article also addresses common pitfalls such as performance degradation during migration, consistency checks across heterogeneous systems, and handling schema changes. For engineering teams managing large-scale databases, this playbook provides a practical, battle-tested framework that minimizes risk while maximizing data integrity.
A detailed strategy for migrating a 10-billion-row MySQL table using DataX, Canal, and dual-write, with zero-loss and rollback guarantees.